All My Son : Arthur Miller

   
              All My Son : Arthur Miller

Here i am sharing my view about All My Son : Arthur Miller

         

         Introduction to the Play

                                     Arthur Miller was a playwright who was most active from the 1940s to the 1960s but continued to produce notable works and receive awards in his field up until his death in early 2005. All My Sons, a three-act play written by Miller in 1947, is one of his best-known works. All My Sons was adapted for the screen in 1948.

                                      

   All My Son Videos Click here

 

                                            ALL MY SONS is one of the most popular plays of Arthur Miller. It reflects the moral, social, and political ideas of the society. It also reveals Miller’s view on human nature in a particular social context.

                                    The news story described how in 1941–43 the Wright Aeronautical Corporation based in Ohio had conspired with army inspection officers to approve defective aircraft engines destined for military use.The story of defective engines had reached investigators working for Sen. Harry Truman's congressional investigative board after several Wright aircraft assembly workers informed on the company; they would later testify under oath before Congress. In 1944, three Army Air Force officers, Lt. Col. Frank C. Greulich, Major Walter A. 

·      .............   Henrik Ibsen's influence on Miller is evidenced from the Ibsen play The Wild Duck, where Miller took the idea of two partners in a business where one is forced to take moral and legal responsibility for the other. This is mirrored in All My Sons.

                    

   

"The Hairy Ape" is a dark comedy

             √. Introduction

             The play is not a comedy but a dark comedy. There is a purpose behind the comedy. It is a comedy on the Scarface but beneath is tragedy. It's not clearly a comedy in the traditional manner a dark comedy has the elements of tragedy. Characters are comic situations, action reaction are comic but they suggest sadness lying below to them

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            √. Sub Title

              The play has sub title "A comedy of ancient and modern tide in eight scene." This is ambiguous. The play wrights ta tells it a comedy but his suggestion is something actually to comedy but their experience will say it is not end was never comic so how this play can be a comedy.

           √. Behaviour of Stokers

               There are various ethnic groups. Their languages are different. But their work place is common. They are crowded. They are rough people and don't have decency so they are shouting. Cursing laughing, singing, often they are confused and bewildered. They becomes furious. They are all drunk. Their clothes and shoes are ugly. Their bodies are half naked. They look as if monkeys are put into a cage. Their questioning swearing and abusing provide us laughter.

             √. The Crowds

            The play is having Crowds all most all the time as people loose their sense in a crowd the characters of the play also are some and look comic. They don't care for anybody. They firm irresponsible. The opening scene is an example. They make uproar we hear only voices. Who effect is comic in the company they push and again at the stokehold speeches of yank, long and paddy become comic. The 4th scene has again a crowd like the first scene and has vein of comedy.

               There is another crowd in centered to the stokers. It is found on the fifth avenue. There are sophisticated people. They have put on masks so who they are remain unknown. Their lack regarding the priest, the sermon and collecting the money bring satirical note and I'll intently we have smiles. A woman watching a monkey for shouts and jumps that is comic even yank and long are comic amongst the crowd.

               The 7th scene has again crowd of different people. There are common workers and visitors. The secretary's behavior and Yank's behaviour, their talk lead us to have gentle smile.

             √. Last Scene Comic

               Last scene the 8th one is funny. We are shifted to a zoo. There is a cage in which a gorilla is found. The monkey's behaviour is comic but yank provides more comedy. His behaviour is similar to the Ape he acts like a monkey. Similarly the Ape also responds accordingly. This type of action and redaction continua for a  while we have more fun when yank goes near to the Ape and shakes hands with it.

            √. The Pause : Robin's "The Tinker"

             Yank often takes the pause of Robin's "The Tinker" . It provides own. In the last scene it brings similarity to the Ape Yank looks like a monkey and into that addition this gesture differentiates him on the other side comedy. While he is sitting in this position others are busy in doing works or they make Jokes at him. Yank isn't a man of thinking while this pause makes us to thing about him.

         √. Paddy's Speeches

              Paddy's romantic speeches should be marked here very first speeches comic. He says........
                                      "I'M never too drink to sing"
But axially he is too drink and later on stars singing. His voice is nasal, thin and fine doleful yank rebukes him saying " Old harp" he often speaks much. In the same first scene his dialogue is very long. He suddenly shouts often he laugh gaudy in a manner of " ho.....ho.......ho.......ho........"
His a regiments with yank also provides gun his songs are also related to Waly and carelessness.  

                √. Long's Speech

               Long has different views. His are leftist views. He prefers non violence rather than violence. When others are abusing to the rich he says they should change misery. This is fun for others.
              
             Thus the play has comic elements and they entertain us.
           

Q:2 Character Sketch of Yank

       
          

              √. A Central character

               A central character the story of the play is related to yank. He is the ape in the play on the first scene to the last he remains at the center. We find his tragic story. He is common worker but he raises himself up on caught. He raises himself up on caught. He forms but he has tried to come out from the bottom of the life. So he stands higher than his makes threw him he writer sons to tell his view.

             √. Yank's Look

              A stronger man yank appearance is heavy. He scene border. His look fearful his strength and his height give supetify like other. He has help naked his cheaser is hairy. He looks live an ape. That's why ape is the hairy apehisvoices also strong others are fearful they have to respect him.

            √. Family Back Ground

                He comes from a poor family. They where not religious Yank's parents never went to church, but they pushed yank to the church. His father did not go to the sea he worked along sure has further had fallen into a bad habit of drinking. It firmenfed him and died. His mother also them he run away from the home.

            √. Hard Work

               In the beginning yank did odd jobs. Then he came on translantie line. His stoker his position is in stokehold. It is faitic job one reachers strong physical power ovarmous heavy fire. It most burns him and other. The work there scean is filled tened. There is little air smoke and fames as well as living flames make the place tallish. Those, who work in stokchole have to suffered alone.

                √. A Tragic Harp

                Yank is tragic hero he looks comic, but it is mask within the heart there is fire he considers himself as the still but they reality is biting even he is not a Conan animal a monkey he tries to establish with the hairy ape. But the beast has it's play's in the zoo has he Identity but his plays is not with the monkey in search of Identity. He passes threw terrible experience he is insulted jailed an altimantly freed to meet the death even those is command man we pity him because we all common man tried ti come out on the condition of the life.

                 

Gulliver's Travels :Johnathan Swift

               "Gulliver's Travels", whose full title is " Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World". Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. A novel by Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the traveller tales"literary subgenre". Cave hill Belfast is thought to be the inspiration for the novel. Swift imagined that the mountain resembled the shape of a sleeping giant safeguarding the city.
In the four parts.....

  

                

    

     Part- I: - A Voyage to Lilliput

          This deals with Gulliver’s experiences in the land of the little people, who are no more than six-inches tall. It is on one level an absorbing tale of the adventures of the giant Gulliver among the midgets of Lilliput and on another level rich in England. It is above all a scathing satire on the moral pettiness of human as seem in the behaviour of the Lilliputians. Human beings are filled with and importance and cannot view themselves and objectivity. Their pride and boastfulness are revealed as ridiculous when perceived from Gulliver’s great height.

          As we saw that the people of Lilliput are more than six-inches tall. All their acts and motives are on the same dwarfish, petty quarrels of these dwarfs, we are supposed to see the littleness and humanity. The statesmen who obtain place and favour by cutting monkey capers the tight rope before their sovereign and the two great parties, the little-endians and big-endians, who plugs the country into civil-war over the momentous question of whether an egg should be broken on its big or on politics of Swift’s own days and generations.

            In society, also, we see that type of people who shows littleness in their nature and also shows the narrow mind. All their actions and aims in life are at low level. They never try to come out from it. Their narrow and they live their life.

         They are always busy in petty things because they can’t think they can’t think to go ahead in life. This shows in trivial matters.

v Part – II: - A Voyage to Brobdingnag                 

                                         In this voyage, the situation is reversed. Gulliver is now marooned and dwarfed in the land of giants who are over forty feet tall. He now becomes the midget he had laughed at in Lilliput, observed through the microscopic eyes of Gulliver, the Brobdingnagians are hideous in size and stature and Gulliver realizes that he must have been just as hideous to the little people in Lilliput. Here, Swift satirizes the physical grossness of the human and the grotesque ugliness of the human body. Gulliver is little more than an insect in Brobdingnag and at his best, an amusing toy.

        When Gulliver tells about his own people, their ambitions and comes and conquests, the giants can only wonder that such great venom could exist in such little insects. Here, in the second part, Gulliver is alone among the giants. He is showed as insects among the Brobdingnagians because they think this way.

         Here, Swift satires on the Brobdignagian’s unpleasant and unattractively large body. In a way, there are lots of people in society who are huge at status but their thinking shows their narrowness.

          Also he satires on the ugliness of the Brobdignagians. It shows that the thinking of that time of people who has very ugly motif in their life to fulfil their wishes.

           We can see this, Brobdignagians, type of people around us and also both we can see the physical grossness and ugliness in people. By this, we can know their aims of life. They just boast on their endeavor, conquest.

            This type of people believes that others are nothing before them. They show others inferior but in reality, their unattractivity and ugliness becomes them inferior.

v Part – III: - A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Language, Glubdubdrib, and Japan

                     In this voyage, Swift satires on the Scientist and Philosophers of the age. The people of Laputa have extraordinary physical features- head turned at angle, one eye turned upward and the other inward. Through the people of Laputa, Swift ridicules the experiments of the royal society and allied institution of the time.

                   The frightening emptiness and sterility of a purely scientific society is evident from this book. The philosophers who worked eight years to extract sunshine from cucumbers are typical of Swift’s satire treatment of all scientific problems. It is in this voyage hear of the struldbrugs, a ghastly race of the men who are doomed to live up on the earth after losing hope and the desire for life.

                  The picture is all the more terrible in view of the last years of Swift’s own life in which he was compelled to live on a burden to himself and his friends.

                  In this third good, Gulliver’s journeys go through different people, culture, custom and rules. The strange thing of the people of Laputa regarding the physical structure of the body shows types of people at that time. Also Swift’s disliked the society of his time that’s why he satires on it.

                  Here, cucumber is the typical of Swift’s satiric treatment of all scientific problems. This shows the ridiculous thing of scientific problems show that time of things.

                  There are different types of people who show different types of culture of swift’s time.

v Part-IV:- A voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms:-

              

                In this voyage, Gulliver narrates his experiences of his journey to the land of the Houyhnhnms and the yahoos. The horses are creatures governed by solely by reason, free from any emotions and passions, while the yahoos who physically resemble human beings are ruled purely by animal’s instincts.

                Swift seems to indicate to us that the nature of the human is complex and defies definition unlike that of the yahoos and the Houyhnhnms. The book for all its harsh satire and anger, instructs human to see themselves with humility and honesty and it condemns pride ego and myopic self-esteem. It urges every person to use reason to be a good Christian. Swift here tries to say that we have to live our life in away in which we can show the humanity.

              Swift emphasized on the yahoos that despite of human being, they are unspeakable persons who show the brutality of that time. Also by the female yahoos Swift shows the lust in their nature this also a picture of his time.

                We have to live like a good Christian and try to avoid that all things which damages humanity.

                    0) Gulliver's Travels Themes

           1. The limits of human knowledge
           2. No form of Government is ideal
           3. Power may be great but using it for
              what's night is what is truly great.

                       0) Gulliver's Travels Symbolism

          1. The yahoos symbolize humans for
             what we truly are.
         2. The way the storm takes him down
            when he is traveling symbolizes
           the hardships of life.
       3. The liliputian's represents the small
          mindedness of human kind and how
          trivial we are.

   

The Waste Land

                    The waste land is a masterpiece of renowned English poet T.S.Eliot.The Waste Land one of the most talked about poem of the 20th century.

   
    

    1. "The Waste Land" written by T.S.Eliot's give idea about individual talent and tradition. Concept of human being myths and philosophy. Nietzsche about super human and other Eliot's idea's about forward to looks. The image is over come into T.S.Eliot's mind to connect with myths and Nietzsche's connect with philosophy.

    2. Gustaf Hellstrom of the Swedish academy he says to salvation of man lie. Eliot views are more philosophical and it is believe in religious thinking. If follow the traditional way. Then Eliot believe in human law but Freud believe in individual thinking.

    3. When we read the "The Waste Land" we find such a reference of Upanishads Buddhism which prove that he had read the Indian literature. He find the last and ultimate salvation in Indian philosophy. He had described three Da

           1) Data : Be Giver

            2) Dayadhvam : Sympathies

           3) Damyata : Self-Control

The poem ends with

             On Shanti, Shanti, Shanti

This show that he believe that he answer of all the questions are lying in the philosophy of Indian.

           

The Monkey's Paw

 
     
                           

                    "The Monkey's Paw" is a supernatural short story by author "W.W.Jacobs" first published in England in 1902.

                    In the story, three wishes are granted to the owner of the Monkey's hand , but the wishes come with an enormous price for interfering with fate.

                   In "The Monkey's Paw" what is the third wish and what are consequences? He wished for his son to be dead again and the consequences were that the mother saw him and she was in anguish......he wished for a wife as beautiful as nature. His wife, who was a swan, turned human.

                    While at first the white's don't believe in the monkey's paw, they decide to make a wish anyway. Mr.White wants 200 pound to pay off his house.

                   The second wish was Mrs.White's wish that her son,Herbert,would come back to life. In this story, sergeant-major morris come to the whites' house and shows the the monkey's paw. He fells them about how there is the curse on it.......they first wish for 200pounds.

                   "As I wished, it twisted in my hand like a snake." The second wish, to have the whites mangled, dead son alive again is made in sadness and desperation.......... He heard the creaking of the bolt as it came slowly back,and at the same moment he found the monkey's paw, and frantically breathed his third and last wish.

Prayer Before Birth

  

                        

                      

                  The poem "prayer before birth" by" Louis macneice " is a poem written for a child who is yet not born. The child must be in the woomed of the mother, and before facing the world. The child praise to god. The poem in that sance is a prayer of an unborn child who is yet to come in the world.

                  In the very first time of the very first stanza the unborn child surges to God, 

                                           "I am not yet born ; O hear me" 

                  In the first stanze the child request God to request him innisially to listen. What the child is complaining and then from "bloodsucking bat". And from those who may appear to him like " ehoul". Because not only the aperents but also the deeds of such devil like person. He warns God not to let such person.

                                                           " Come near to him"

                 Again in the starting of the second stanza the unborn child request God. "To console him" He then expresses his fear regarding "Tall walls" build by men with the reference of tall walls the poet and the child refers to the sad rules and regulations of the society. He then aurgos God to protect from " Wise lies" utter by cruel people of society.

                 In the third stanza the child request God "To provide him", with water. That can purify his sin , grass that can grow for him, to provide him with tree. That can talk to him sky that songs for him and to guide him. The child request God to provide him birds and light.

                Then the child for " forgiveness" for the sins, that will caltimate it him by the time, to forgive. Him for his words and thoughts.Then the child ask for forgiveness for the treason. That engendered in him with the course of the time, and he may become s traitor. He ask forgiveness even if unconsciously hr commit such thinks then God should forgive him.

               The unborn child then ask god "to reherce him " for the parts. He has to play and the action he must have to take when alders " lecture" him, and make him amusure person. When official persons hector him, the again request God to rehorce him. When " deseret calls him a doom,and when beggar refuses his gift, and also when his own child curse him".

               Then is the next stanza the child again ask God to haes him, he request God not to let, come neas to him a person " Who thinks he is God" and" Who is a beast" because those who thinks they can replays God ase of extsram proud in them and specially such persons make othess to do " forbidden thinks" such person too do not hasited to do the thinks that ate against mature.

               In the last stanza the child request God,"to fill him" the child request God, to "fill him". With strength against those who freeze his " humanity" to give him strength. To fight against those who drag him do the thinks which can be proved to be lethat, to give him strenth to fight against those "Who made dissipate his elernty" again he argues to give him strength to service himself. When he is in such hands that told him like a water and "spill him"

                In the last two line child surges God,

                                           "Let them not make me a stone

                                                   And let them not

                                          Spill one otherwise kill me"

If altimetly ti service in. The selfish and esuel world. He has to become like a stone then he request God, " To kill him" over not let vitness the cruelty and selfish of the world be part of it rather he would chose to die.

                      Thus in the poem "Prayer before birth" expresses the emotions of inborn child. Who is worried regarding his present and future, who foes not want to corrupt his chowl and and does not want anyone else around him to influence his virtues in negative way. The child says if any such crimes or sins are going to happen ever after his borth then he request God to kill him in the woom only.

                 
        

" Ode On Solitude" Alexander Pope

          " Ode On Solitude" Alexander Pope    
                         

                                                                                         
                         
                              

                                                         
                                                             

         
                 

                 "Ode On Solitude" is written by "Alexander Pope". Innisially in the poem poet talks about knownlly life of a farmer. We think that a life of the farmer is is unfortunate because, he has to live in the farm away from the society but the poet considered the life of the farmer a fortunate one because a farmer get the chance to breath his " native air" and hr also get the uhfortunative to live in " mother land"

                   The poet again inthesiser on how lucky the farmer are in the second stanza. The poet says that farmers get to eat bread from his own field and "flocks supplies the farmer his attire". And during the summer of the sun light annoys. The farmer with get his then trees in the farm provides him" shade"

                   I specially society in the people considered solitude"a-curse" but poptthinks that solitude is a "bliss" as he explains in the third stanza, a farmer can take pleasure of pure air and food. And he came stay close to natare which provides him the price of mind. While we the people has to struggle a lot to our brain and to survive in the morden light. People of city struggle a lot at they, do not there to eat and drink health food and water. They do not get to breath in fresh air.

                  While people who are close to nature I specially farmers can get"sound slecp". At night and most important breath they do not use that inosence, on the contrary people who live in city way from nature becomes very practical without I motion and inosenec. There for the poet considered solitude life a bliss. As people who live in solitude do not have to get much about what do society would think about him. Such people do not need to follow the traditions or retuals send by the society. They just have to care about them selves only such people live happy, satisfied, and get free fortune life close to nature.

                  There for in the last stanza the poet aurges to let him give....... 

                      "Unseen, Unknown

                               Thus unlamented let me die steal

                    From the world and nata stone

                            Tell where I lie"

                   In the above line the poet than says, the way a man live solitude line. AF the end of his life he wants such death also unknown from the world.